List of Abbreviations

Dictionaries, Grammars, and Editions

BT

Bosworth/Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Eds. Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller. Oxford: Clarendon, 1898 [many reprints]. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement. Ed. T. Northcote Toller. Oxford: Clarendon, 1921 [many reprints].

Chron Gall 452

“Gallic Chronicle of 452.” Ed. and transl. Alexander Callander Murray, 1999. From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader. Ed. Alexander Callander Murray. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 76‒85.

DEB

Gildas: The Ruin of Britain and Other Documents. Ed. and transl. Michael Winterbottom. London/Chichester: Phillimore, 1978. 13‒79; 87‒142.

DOE Online

Dictionary of Old English: A to I Online. Eds. Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey et al. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, 2018. URL: ‹www.doe.utoronto.ca/›.

DOEW

The Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus. Compiled by Antonette diPaolo Healey with John Price Wilkin and Xin Xiang. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, 2009. URL: ‹www.doe.utoronto.ca/›.

HE

Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Eds. and transl. Bertram Colgrave and Roger A. B. Mynors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969.

IK

Ikonographischer Katalog [individual volumes are listed in the references of the respective contributions].

RGA

Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde [individual volumes are listed in the references of the respective contributions].

SB

Brunner, Karl. 1965. Altenglische Grammatik: Nach der angelsächsischen Grammatik von Eduard Sievers. Dritte, neubearbeitete Auflage. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Wars

Procopius, with an English Translation by H. B. Dewing. 7 vols. Ed. and transl. Henry Bronson Dewing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vols. 1‒5, 1914‒1940.

Languages and Dialects

Angl.

Anglian

Gmc.

Germanic

Goth.

Gothic

IE

Indo-European

Merc.

Mercian

ModG

Modern German

Nhb.

Northumbrian

OHG

Old High German

OE

Old English

OFris.

Old Frisian

ON

Old Norse

OS

Old Saxon

Pre-OE

Pre-Old English

W

West-

WS

West Saxon

Others

AD

anno Domini

AE

American English

apn.

accusative plural neuter

b.

born

BC

before Christ

BE

British English

BM

British Museum

c., ca.

circa

c., cent.

century

cat.

catalogue

cf.

confer; compare

Chap.

Chapter

d.

died

dsm.

dative singular masculine

ed(s).

editor(s)

e.g.

exempli gratia; for example

EpGl

Épinal/Erfurt Glossaries

f

feminine

f., ff.

following

FC

Franks Casket

Fig(s).

figures

fn.

footnote

fol.

folio

forthc.

forthcoming

gpn.

genitive plural neuter

gsm.

genitive singular masculine

HER

Norfolk Historic Environment Record

i.e.

id est; this means

Ill.

Illustration

inv.

inventory

m

metre

NCM

Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery

no.

number

nsf.

nominative singular feminine

nsm.

nominative singular masculine

OERC

Old English Runes Corpus

p., pl.

plural

PAS

Portable Antiquities Scheme

pers.

person

Pl.

plate

Pre-OERC

Pre-Old English Runes Corpus

pret.

preterite

RC

Ruthwell Cross

RC SE

Ruthwell Cross South-East

RC SW

Ruthwell Cross South-West

RC NE

Ruthwell Cross North-East

RC NW

Ruthwell Cross North-West

s., sg.

singular

str.

strong

s. v.

sub voce; see under

transl.

translated, translation

wk.

weak

vb.

verb

vol(s).

volume(s)

Symbols

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